A green roof is a roof system partially or fully covered with vegetation and a growing medium, installed over a waterproofing membrane. It often includes additional layers such as root barriers, drainage, and irrigation systems. Green roofs provide multiple environmental benefits: they reduce stormwater runoff, improve insulation, enhance biodiversity, and mitigate the urban heat island effect. They can be extensive (low-maintenance, shallow soil) or intensive (deeper soil, supports larger plants). Proper structural assessment is required to support the additional load. Green roofs are increasingly adopted in sustainable architecture, particularly in dense urban settings, where ground-level green space is limited.  

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